Search results for " Public Policy and Public Administration|Public Policy"
showing 10 items of 238 documents
Photobiomodulation therapy reduces postoperative pain after third molar extractions: A randomized clinical trial
2020
Background To assess the efficacy of PBMT on reducing postoperative pain scores in patients submitted to third molar extractions. Material and Methods A randomized controlled trial (ReBEC:RBR-94BCKZ) was designed according to the SPIRIT and followed the CONSORT. Patients were randomly allocated according to control or PBMT groups. PBMT consisted of the application of GaAlAs laser (808nm;50mW) applied in six points (1.23 min;11 J/cm2) after extraction. Pain scores were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in millimeters evaluated after 6 (T6), 24 (T24), and 48 (T48) hours. The Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney test was used to check for possible associations between VAS scores and treatment gr…
El nuevo escenario del orden público en el arbitraje : comentario a la STC de España, Sala Primera, núm. 17/2021, de 15 de febrero.
2021
The Constitutional Court delimits the concept and scope of public order, the requirement to state the grounds and the judicial review within the framework of the action for annulment of arbitral awards. The Constitutional Court rejects the jurisprudential line of the High Court of Justice of Madrid regarding the broadening of the concept of public policy and prevents the review of the merits of the case through the action for annulment.
Cancer screening and health system resilience: Keys to protecting and bolstering preventive services during a financial crisis
2012
The aim of this paper is to elucidate the rationale for sustaining and expanding cost-effective, population-based screening services for breast, cervical and colorectal cancers in the context of the current financial crisis. Our objective is not only to promote optimal delivery of high-quality secondary cancer prevention services, but also to underline the importance of strengthening comprehensive cancer control, and with it, health system response to the complex care challenges posed by all chronic diseases. We focus primarily on issues surrounding planning, organisation, implementation and resources, arguing that given the growing cancer burden, policymakers have ample justification for e…
L’analisi delle politiche di riduzione dei cesarei attraverso il dynamic performance management: La valutazione del percorso nascita in un’azienda sa…
2018
Da tre decenni l'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità considera appropriata una percentuale di cesarei tra il l 0-1 5%. Tuttavia, molti Paesi tuttora si trovano a fronteggiare valori molto più elevati e le politiche adottate dai decisori pubblici spesso mostrano di essere poco efficaci. Il presente lavoro prende avvio dall'analisi del percorso nascita introdotto in Sicilia e propone il ricorso all'approccio del Dynamic Performance Management per investigare le cause sottostanti l'andamento dei parti cesarei. Lo studio ha consentito di costruire un modello di System Dynamics, successivamente personalizzato con i dati di un'azienda sanitaria. L'analisi dei risultati delle simulazioni evidenzi…
Framing Caesarean Section Reduction Policies Through a Dynamic Performance Management Approach: A Maternity Pathway Case-Based Analysis
2017
The World Health Organization since the last three decades strongly encourages countries to reduce the caesarean section (CS) rate down to 10–15%. However, this goal nowadays appears still far from its achievement. Public decision-makers are indeed struggling to design and implement effective policies to reduce the CS rate. The literature provides a wide range of factors causing a change in the CS rate, such as the patient clinical profile and the healthcare service quality provided. Maternity pathway (MP) is considered a mean through which to standardize the cares and to reduce CSs. This study investigates the MP recently introduced in Sicilian local health authorities. Based on such an an…
The effects of the financial crisis on primary prevention of cancer
2010
The present financial crisis will affect primary cancer prevention through several avenues: personal lifestyle choices, exposure to environmental risk factors, decisions made in the private sector and public policy on cancer prevention. Whilst it is clearly problematic to reach solid conclusions on a direct connection between economic crises and cancer mortality, we can identify trends that provide guidance for further action. For some lifestyle choices such as smoking or diet, we argue that public policy may channel existing tendencies during times of crisis for clear added value. In other areas, including research and health system investments, we will make the case that the resources not…
Las asociaciones de inmigrantes como organizaciones no gubernamentales de desarrollo. Entre la agencia y la adaptación institucional
2020
De modo progresivo las asociaciones de inmigrantes en España se han convertido en un agente importante de la cooperación para el desarrollo. En este sentido, el entorno político, favorecido por la incorporación del codesarrollo en las políticas públicas a partir del año 2002, propició la creación de una estructura y una nueva ventana de oportunidad para las asociaciones de inmigrantes. Como resultado, en muchas de ellas se generaron procesos de adaptación o incluso hibridación organizativa hacia la reconversión como ONGD. Es por ello que, a raíz de los resultados de un estudio realizado sobre el estado de las entidades del campo de la cooperación para el desarrollo en España, debatimos y an…
Chronic Disease Prevention and the New Public Health
2010
Chronic diseases are the major causes of morbidity and mortality across the globe in developed and developing countries, and in countries transitioning from former socialist status. Chronic diseases — including heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, and respiratory diseases — share major risk factors beyond genetics and social inequalities including tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and lack of access to preventive care. There are evidence-based interventions that are effective in modifying these risks and subsequently preventing disease. Evidence for prevention is strongest for measures aimed at reducing tobacco use and increasing physical activity, while large gaps remai…
Goals are Not Enough: Building Public Sector Capacity for Chronic Disease Prevention
2013
The rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) challenges the public health sector to develop, support and implement effective interventions to reduce this global epidemic. The United Nations has responded with a global action plan that includes goals and voluntary targets for the prevention and control of NCDs. However, setting goals is not enough. To achieve meaningful outcomes, governments must act and invest to improve key enabling capacities. Political and other public sector leadership at every jurisdictional level is needed to implement health-in-all-policies initiatives and to measure progress against set objectives, while technological and human resources for health should b…
Promotion of service industries by means of entry restriction: the case of operators in the slot machine industry
2009
This article examines the effects of government policy on entry restriction for firms within a specific market of the Spanish gambling industry. Spain is an ideal economic region for studying this topic, as it allows for the analysis of quasi-identical populations exposed to different regulatory regimes. In Spain, gaming legislation is determined at the autonomous community level (state level), where differences across states within a single country are of particular interest. This paper analyses the performance of slot machine operators in three autonomous communities, each with different policies with regard to entry restriction. Fifty-eight firms were analysed using multiple regression, …